How to Control Noise Pollution?
6 Effective Measures The ways and means
Noise becomes a polluting agent when it crosses the limit of tolerance by humans and animals and upsets the balance of life. Machines and transportation systems like aircraft, trains, and motor vehicles are sources of noise all over the world. They are termed as environmental noise. It is bad urban planning that causes noise pollution by permitting the growth of industries close to residential areas. Noise pollution can cause cardiovascular problems in humans. Animals lose their ability to detect preys and also suffer loss of ability to avoid predators. It affects reproduction and navigational skills and also leads to impaired hearing.
It becomes clear that noise can cross the limit of just being a nuisance and become a health hazard and an environmental threat. Just like we treat other types of pollution, noise pollution must also be controlled likewise. It must be kept within limits of acceptability.
Some suggested measures follow:
(1) Control of the Noise by the Listener:
Those working in places with noisy installations should be encouraged to wear protective gadgets like earplugs, headphones, noise helmets, earmuffs, etc. This will reduce occupational risk of impaired hearing.
(2) Control Noise at Source:
Better way to limit noise pollution is controlling it at the source. Older noisy machines should be replaced by new quieter ones. Preventive maintenance steps like regular lubrication of machines will keep them in good condition with lesser noise. Build soundproof chambers around noisy machines. Use vibration damping material like rubber sheets below a vibrating machine. Use silencers for automobiles, exhausts, ducts, etc. for muffling sound. Materials like mineral wool or glass wool should be covered with perforated sheet metal for ensuring safety and protection.
(3) Urban Zoning:
As mentioned in Para one, residential zones must be far away from noisy industries, bus terminals and aerodromes, railway stations etc. Hospitals, residential areas, and educational institutions should be made silence zones.
(4) Acoustic Treatment during Construction:
Soundproof the gaps between the doors and walls. The jamb frame gaps and cracks should be closed by using sound absorbing material. Windows can be made with double or triple glazing and by packing sound absorbing materials in the gaps. Walls, floors, and ceilings may be treated with acoustical tiles, perforated plywood etc. to reduce noise. Recording rooms must be specially treated for sound proofing.
(5) Tree Planting:
Planting of trees and shrubs will add to greenery and contribute to noise reduction to great extent along roads, in compounds of educational institutions, hospitals, etc.
(6) Legal Steps:
Governments should enforce legal actions against violators of noise pollution norms. The following are some such steps:
Restrict use of loudspeakers and amplifiers particularly close to silence zones. Automobile should not be allowed to use pressure horns. Government should enact a separate Noise Pollution Act.
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