Identifying the Source is the Key to Effective Noise Control
The term “noise control” is to be understood as both active and passive methods of lessening undesirable sound around you. Noise control assumes great importance in private as well as business situations like environmental problems, personal health, and legislative issues for so many reasons. But, first we have to ascertain the source and the situation that are the causes for the problem before any remedying measures are initiated and implemented. Once this is done, steps can be taken to establish suitable noise control treatments to prevent future problems.
Sources of Noise
There can be several very well-known sources of noises, but we can identify two among them to be the most frequent causes, namely, mechanical and aerodynamic.
Mechanical sources of noise: Imagine a collision taking place between two components coming into direct contact. The impact of the two parts generates friction. The vibration that results produces noise. If this type of impact and friction keep repeating in several mechanisms in a workshop all at a time you can imagine how high the noise level would be. Mechanical equipment has many moving parts producing too much noise as a result of friction existing in this type of system. The only effective noise control solution will be to silence the noise at source. In other words, take steps to reduce the vibrations that create the noise.
Whereas, aerodynamics-related noise is that noise which creates undesirable vibrations when concentrated air strikes a solid object. To control this type of noise effectively it will be necessary to adjust the pressure of the air at the source so that its effect on the environment is minimized. One way to reduce aerodynamic noise in a factory is to fit a pneumatic silencer to the exhaust pipe of the compressor to minimize the velocity and force of the air flow. This is an example where the sound is neutralized at the source.
Types of Effective Noise Control
Noise control is mainly of four types: sound absorption, sound insulation, vibration isolation and vibration damping.
Sound absorption uses an absorbent material capable of intercepting the noise energy and converting it into heat. In sound insulation a noise-deadening material is introduced to the environment so that noise transmission is either reduced or blocked from its source.
Vibration isolation is achieved by introducing a break or physical barrier. The aim of this method of noise control involves separation of the source of the undesirable vibrations from the surrounding space.
Finally, in vibration damping the reduction of vibratory energy is achieved with solid materials (not air). Here also, the purpose is to transform vibratory energy into heat so as to mitigate its impact on the environment around.
Actual method of noise control
The actual method of noise control for a particular situation is to be decided after ascertaining the nature of sound involved. Once this is done, the best out of these methods may then be chosen and implemented.
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