A quotation is a fixed price for ajob. Before asking a builder to start work, ask for a firm quotation with a breakdown of the costs based on all the points you have discussed; provide a revised specification if necessary. There may be grey areas in the quotation, for example estimated costs for sub-contractors such as plumbers or electricians; you can try to get these firmed up before the job begins or you must be prepared to accept the charges. Make sure that all rubble and debris are to be removed and the site left clean and tidy.
If • Working Contract Set out your requirements and know exactly what a builder intends to supply. This provides the basis of a workable contract between the parties concerned. you require any making good and decoration, make sure that these are included in the costs. You also need to agree in advance how you will pay for the job. A small job can be paid for on or soon after completion. But where ajob is going to last for several weeks or months, and involves the purchase of a large amount of materials, it is reasonable for the builder to ask for interim payments to cover delivered materials and completed work; never pay for anything in advance. You can arrange to hold back 5 to 10 per cent of the costs on completion for a specified amount of time until you are sure that there is no faulty workmanship, but you must agree this with the contractor before the work starts. Finding a contractor Approach several contractors, personally recommended if possible. Ensure they have good references and ask to see examples of their work. ~
Dealing with the unexpected One can never guarantee, especially with a large project, that there will not be any unforeseen problems as the work progresses. If something unexpected has to be dealt with in the course of the work, ask for an estimate before agreeing to do the work. The same applies if you change your mind during the job or you ask for extra work to be done. For large jobs, it is a good idea to ask the builder to provide a schedule list; if an architect is overseeing the job, he or she will draw one up and ask the builder to fill it in. It sets out the stages of work such as building a blockwork wall, installing new wiring, plastering, fitting a sink, ete. As well as his own work, the builder is responsible for the quality of workmanship provided by any specialists he needs to employ.
If you have any concerns over the work supplied by a sub-contractor, discuss these with the builder rather than the person concerned. To avoid confusion, a sub-contractor should be directed by one person only-the person who employed him. If you are hiring individual specialists yourself to help with specific jobs as and when you need them, brief these as carefully and precisely as you would a general builder, and also ask for estimates or quotations for the work. Again, personal recommendation is the best thing to go by and inspecting examples of their work will convince you of their ability.
Hiring specialists for interior designing and decoration
A compromise could be to do most of the groundwork yourself and hire in specialists, such as plasterers, plumbers or electricians, where necessary. Working much faster than an amateur is able to, skilled professionals can save a lot of time and worry. If you decide that hiring a professional is the answer, whether an architect, general builder or specialist, going about it in a businesslike manner will help ensure you get what you want and avoid potential pitfalls. Left Plans for a kitcben project, shoicing early stages of thinking. Ideas are sketched ill roughly to show suggestions for use of space, [ixtures and [ittings.
Choosing the right professional for the job For large-scale projects, such as major structural alteration or building an extension, it is wise to consult an architect. An architect will discuss your plans with you, be able to make constructive suggestions you had not considered and produce structurally sound designs that also look good. In addition, he or she can submit the necessary planning applications and, if desired, hire the building contractor and supervise the work to ensure it meets the specifications. When hiring a builder yourself it is essential to choose a reliable and reputable person who understands your requirements and can do the job competently within a specified time and according to a budget.
Finding such a builder can be a daunting prospect but thankfully, and in spite of the many horror stories of shoddy work and unexplained absences, there are many reliable ones about. Personal recommendation is a good place to start. If you know someone who has recently engaged a builder, ask to see their work and enquire about how they conducted the job. Failing that, the names of builders can be found in telephone directories and local newspapers. Not all builders do all kinds of work, however, so be prepared for some refusals. Look for contractors who are members of a trade association. Although membership does not necessarily guarantee the work, it usually is dependent on a having a sound reputation as well as bank and insurance references.
A good tradesman is proud of his work and will be pleased to supply you with references for you to follow up where you can inspect examples of his workmanship. Ask more than one contractor for an estimate so that you can compare costs. Estimates will be based on current prices, and may have to change if you do not decide to go ahead with the work straightwaway.
Cost will not be the only criterion in deciding which builder to use. Their attitude and your confidence in their ability to do the job are equally important. Establishing the brief Disagreements between builder and client often arise from a misundertanding as the result of inadequate briefing. The builder may be working to the best of his understanding which, unfortunately, is not what the client had intended. The best way to avoid this problem is to provide the bui Ider with a written specification – a list of the work to be done, the materials to be used and an indication of the required completion date. Many details will need to be revised, but this will give the builder a good idea of your requirements and can form the basis of his estimate for the cost. Before writing a specification, read the relevant chapter in this book to get an idea of the amount and type of work involved.
Wooden carving tutorials and guide for interior designing and decoration
To make the T-halving joint, saw down to the shoulder line using a series~f cuts and then chisel out tile Waste wood. T-halving joints Like the corner-halving joint, this type of joint is also used for joining wood of the same thickness, but this time to form cross rails. Again, you need to measure and cut each piece to half its original thickness. • Construction The best way to approach a recess comprising a chimney breast and alcoves is to construct cupboards as identical units. An ideal width for doors is 60cm f24in) – this allows you to cut them from a 1.2m f4ft) sheet of blockboard without wastage for use ready-made doors).
If this width of door is not convenient for the space you have, determine the number and size of doors by measuring the distance from wall to wall and then calculating the number of same- size doors that fit, allowing space for them to open. • Above Wall-mounted shelves are an obvious storage solution when floor space is limited, but even a space too small for a traditional wardrobe can be adapted by using freestanding racking of the type shown here. Materials and equipment • Timber, blockboard, and plywood for fascias, battens, shelves, and doors • Ready-made doors, if preferred • Moulding • Wood saw • Tenon saw • Jig saw • Spirit level • Try square • Marking gauge • Smoothing plane • Power drill and masonry bit • Cramps • Adhesive • Pins, screws, and wallplugs • Hammer and screwdriver • Chisel • Angle brackets • Iron-on veneer • Hinges, handles, and magnetic catches • Paint or varnish and brushes o o Cut to length 7.5 x 2.scm f3 x 1 in) softwood for the fascia framework. Mark out and cut T-halving and corner- halving joints using a tenon saw and chisel. e Use pva woodworking adhesive and cramps to complete and secure the joints. Check with a try square before final tightening.
When the glue has set, trim the joints neatly using a smoothing plane. e Mark out and then cut 15 x 2.scm f6 x 1 in) softwood for the footboard. Screw it to the rear of the bottom frame, 12mm fXin) below the top edge. o Cut 12mm fXin) plywood shelves. Screw 2.5 x 2.scm f1 x 1 in) battens to the wall and check they are level. Screw battens to the side and rear walls and then fix plywood to the battens with panel pins. Punch the pins below the surface. Fix a batten to the rear of the frame on the horizontal e e member. Offer the frame up.
Pin the top shelf to the batten and the lower to the footboard. ” Cut out the top inner fascia board from 15 x 2.scm f6 x 1 in) softwood, using an electric jigsaw or tenon saw. You may have to join two pieces. G Screw angle brackets to the rear of the fascia board and screw it to the ceiling – use the right fixings for your ceiling. Fix the inner fascia board to the rear of the side frames. • Make up the central cupboard frame from 7.5 x 2.scm f3 x 1 in) softwood. Fix it in between the side frames using brackets. Then screw it to the inner fascia. o Screw 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to the chimney breast wall, with inner edges aligning with those of the fascia. f) Cut and fix 18mm f%in) c • blockboard to enclose each cupboard.
Fix side panels using panel pins. C If required, cut the dressing table top from 18mm f%in) blockboard. Fix 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to the sides of the cupboards and rear wall. batten to the front. Screw the top to the battens . • Fix hanging rail brackets to the end wall and the side of the chim- ney breast. Slot the pole into one bracket before fixing the other. f) Cut the doors to size from 1 8mm f%in) blockboard and add a decorative moulding to give a panelled effect – or use ready-mad doors adjusted to fit. If using blockboard, cover all exposed edges with veneer. Screw three 7.5cm f3in) flush hinges to each door, then fix to the frame. Fit doo handles and magnetic catches. Sand down the complete wardrobe ready for painting or varnishing. • • • • • o m m r s s ro n r n q rofessionals H aving decided on a repair or improvement project for the home, the next decision is whether ro do the job yourself or to call in a professional. Complicated or long projects may require expertise or time which the homeowner may not have but that does not mean that the whole job has to be turned over ro a contracror.
Wooden designs in furniture in interior designing and decoration
Cut down the shoulder to the centre line with a tenon saw, then remove the waste wood by cutting down from the end. e Check the joint for fit and then apply adhesive to the shoulder and face of both parts. Clamp loosely, check the corner with the try square, and tighten the cramp. Trim all M faces of the joint neatly with a smoothing plane and trim the upper frame to fit the alcove. e Set a profile gauge to the shape of the skirting at the height of the lower frame, and then transfer the outline to the timber. Carefully cut out and smooth the skirting shape. o Measure and cut 18mm fY.in) blockboard for shelves, top board, doors, and foot board. The top board should overlap the finish flush with the lower cupboard fascia. Glue and pin a strip of hardwood to the front edge of the top board of the lower cu pboard. ” e c e Use 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to join the cupboard components.
Cut to length and drill for fixing screws. o Glue the screw battens to the outer edges of the top and bottom panels, and to the front edges of end panels. Join the cupboards and fascia frames by gluing and screwing through the battens on the outside. • The cupboard backs are 4mm fYsin) plywood, glued and pinned into position. o Fix brackets into corners of cupboards. Drill the back through the hole in each one. ;/ • .nl”, )’ , CD e Cut the foot board from 2.5cm f1 in) thick timber to fit between the skirtings and to reach from the floor to the underside of the bottom panel. Drill and screw to the back of the fascia. C Before fixing the cupboards in position, finish the outside with paint or varnish. When dry, position each cupboard and check that it is horizontal using a spirit level.
Mark through the fixing brackets, remove the cupboards, and drill the wall with a masonry bit. Insert wallplugs and screw the cupboards securely into place. 4D Exposed edges of block- board on shelves and doors should be edged by applying a matching iron-on veneer. o Make doors to fit, or buy ready-made doors and adjust them to suit your cupboard dimensions. Screw flush hinges to the backs of the doors and hang them by fixing the flaps of the hinges to the fascia frames. ~ Drill the doors fwith scrap wood behind to prevent burst through) and fit the handles in convenient positions. Finally, fit magnetic catches to hold the doors closed. • • fardrobes ~ he major advantage of a fitted wardrobe is that it makes best use of any available space – you can take it right up to the ceiling and wall, sometimes to both walls, to produce wall-to-wall cupboards.
Powerful Acoustic Tools for concentration in interior designing and decoration
Contemplation Powers, Fast, Easy and Secure Brainwave Entertainment for Deep Meditation.
Contemplation Power has been putting forth the best acoustic brainwave stimulation since 2007. You can make the most of their successful acoustics on your PC, Mp3 player, or HiFi, NO extra types of gear like uproarious speaker or earphones required. They have grown more than 40 distinctive brainwave acoustics, and every brainwave acoustic item is no less than 40 minutes in length. You can discover more via looking their landing page.
Presently Meditation Power is putting forth Acoustic Brainwave Activation that can without much of a stretch change your brainwave movement, adequately, and reliably. With this proficient reflection music program you can accomplish more unwinding, peace, edification, individual improvement et cetera.
Why ought to attempt Acoustic Brainwave Activation?
Acoustic Brainwave Activation is especially for the individuals who have officially attempted other reflection music like monaurals, binaurals, subliminals, spellbinding, however don’t accomplish the profundity of contemplation that they want. In the event that you as of now neglected to achieve your coveted reflection level, begin Meditation Power’s Acoustic Brainwave Activation items today with moment access.
The installment procedure of Meditation Power is completely 100% protected and secure. They handle all installments through ClickBank, a 10 year experienced secure online exchange framework. Use PayPal or any Visa to buy quick, simple and secure Acoustic Brainwave Activation items. After an effective installment you will get moment access to the item.
Reflection Power is likewise offering some free acoustic examples, which are alleviating mixes of Gamma and Delta brainwave frequencies. These are unimaginably viable to adjust your mind, wash your anxiety, and clear your mental disarray. So attempt to learn profound contemplation with their free demo inside of couple of minutes.
2. Equisync, a Powerful Life-Enhancing Acoustic Tool
You can open your boundless potential and characteristic assets by accomplishing an engaged condition of profound contemplation. Brainwave entrainment frequencies are the most brilliant approaches to focus profoundly and these are the way to achieve such profound levels of contemplation.
Equisync is an exceptionally compelling personality advancement sound project intended to individuals in achieving impeccable enthusiastic and mental parity. This agreeably layered sound innovation is a flawless equalization of brainwave entrainment frequencies. The musical cadence of these brainwave frequencies and music are the most ideal approach to achieve higher degrees of reflection level. Subsequent to utilizing Equisync amid your reflection, you will achieve your sought level inside of a brief timeframe and the world will appear to be absolutely new to you.
Propelled Features of Equisync:
Profound Carrier Frequencies:
EquiSync is outlined with profound bearer frequencies highlight that other contemplation programs never offered yet. These specific frequencies are entirely smooth swaying sine waves; they can undoubtedly enhance your brain’s capacity to unwind so that EquiSync sound can bring a calm and serene reflective state. By expanding the brainwave synchronization impacts, its profound transporter frequencies would permit you to accomplish more profound reflection levels effortlessly and rapidly.
Multi-Layering:
Multi-Layering is the strategy for pleasingly layering the ideal parity of Alpha, Theta, and Delta brainwave frequencies, i.e. binaural beats, monaural beats, and isochronic tones, – all on a solitary track. The blend of these frequencies is unimaginably powerful in helping you to accomplish high potential and most ideal passionate, mental, and physical wellbeing.
Pitfalls to Avoid With the Current Acoustic Legislation for Education Buildings in the UK
Perceiving the significance of diminishing clamor levels, the Government has moved acoustics up the need list, making acoustic testing obligatory for every single new school worked under the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) program.
Giving further definition, the Building Regulations 2000: Approved Document E4 2000 (2003) states that:
‘Every room or other space in a school fabricating might be composed and developed in a manner that it has the acoustic conditions and the protection against unsettling influence by clamor fitting to its planned utilize’.
The Bulletin sets the necessity ‘to give suitable execution to permit clear correspondence of discourse in the middle of instructor and understudy and between gatherings of students in educating and study spaces.’
There is additionally particular direction in connection to various zones, reliant on their arrangement regarding movement commotion and clamour resilience. For instance, a music presentation room has high action clamour (as the ‘source room’) additionally low commotion resilience (as the ‘accepting room’) which means there are particular execution prerequisites to their development.
Measuring Partitioning Performance
The acoustic execution or Rw rating, of a moveable divider is tried under research center conditions and is helpful for correlation purposes between items. In any case, because of differences in area, lab test conditions are once in a while repeated nearby, possibly prompting the inadmissible acoustic execution of an establishment.
It is crucial that an open dialog about the components that are prone to influence acoustic execution begins as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances, permitting auspicious move to be made amid establishment to convey the required acoustic execution.
Agenda for Specifying Moveable Walls
Is the producer plainly specified in the citation, going with deals pamphlets and supporting archives? It’s key that you know the producer so you can be guaranteed that long haul support and repairs are conceivable.
Has an acoustic test testament been given and does it have the producer’s name on it?
Watch that the producer has approved the declaration to be utilized to bolster the item that has been advertised? Despite the fact that a testament has been delivered, it is invalid unless the maker affirms it can be utilized by the specific supplier.
Does the acoustic test testament plainly express the name of a free research facility and that the item has been tried to the most recent gauges (BS EN ISO 140-3:1995 or BS 2750-3:1995)?
Is the test declaration supplied for the item that is being advertised? On the off chance that a manual framework is offered then the test declaration should demonstrate this and not be for a self-loader divider as seal weights will be distinctive.
Contextual investigations
A Sensory School
Opened in September 2010, Tuke School in South London has been intended to meet the particular needs of understudies matured 11-19yrs with serious, complex learning handicaps. A key plan idea was to join tangible experience all through the building, offering apparatuses for learning, wayfinding and creating life abilities.
College Maximizes Space
Exhibiting great utilization of space, an eatery range at the University of Sussex is additionally utilized for instructing and other understudy gatherings. Expecting to give security, definition and isolation.
PC Sound Proofing with acoustical products in interior designing
This article will clarify the advantages of utilizing PC Sound Proofing gear to empower clients to have an educated choice regarding why they ought to buy Sound Proofing froth. Not just does the PC sound sealing material diminish airborne clamour additionally vibrational commotion.
Approve so you’ve introduced your sparkling new parts in your old PC. You’ve made sense of the greatest and best fans to give the best wind stream to keep your PC running cool. You’ve upgraded your design card to have the capacity to play the latest bleeding edge diversions out there.
Be that as it may, have you overlooked anything?
One of the principal things you will see about overhauling fans, illustrations cards, CPU coolers and force supplies is the means by which noisy the fans really are. It’s fine and dandy having a top-spec PC yet unless you can really endure to utilize it over all the clamour then the greater part of the updating is counterproductive.
This is the place PC Sound Proofing comes in. It is successfully hosing the current sound to a lower level then beforehand. This should be possible through various means.
A standout amongst the best is through froth materials. These can be effectively acquired from various online retailers and is regularly neglected as a practically key a portion of Quiet PC building.
A percentage of the best PC Sound Proofing packs are extremely reasonable and can have a noteworthy effect to make a Quiet PC.
This works by retaining both airborne and auxiliary clamor through commotion spongy froth, much like that found in a recording studio. They successfully ingest a full scope of clamor frequencies inside of the air to stop them coming to outside the case. With respect to the basic clamor, this can identify with thumping and vibrating from moving segments and PC Sound Proofing units additionally decrease this sound by either absorbing so as to pad the vibrations or the airborne commotion brought about by this.
Remembering the measure of cash you should spend on peaceful or noiseless fans for your PC without the PC Sound Proofing froth it might be a superior answer for basically pay once for the best possible hardware. Obviously this is your decision and essentially spares you the additional expense of paying for both the fans and the froth.
In conclusion this can offer you some assistance with completing your general form for a Quiet PC by totally taking out or fundamentally lessening the sound brought about by loud fan segments, turning hard drives and vibrating parts.
Mass loaded vinyl barriers for soundproofing in interior designing and decoration
Mass loaded vinyl barrier soundproofing
Mass loaded vinyl barrier is same as the lead sheet but the American mass loaded vinyl barrier is a high grade-vinyl with barium salts and silica added to it but without any health hazards like raw lead. Companies that supply the mass loaded vinyl barrier are Acoustical surfaces Inc ,sound proofing America, green glue company, sound isolation company, super sound proofing company etc.
Mass loaded vinyl barrier applications
Due to its versatile characteristics this mass loaded vinyl barrier is used in many places, residential ,business, hospitals, theaters, auditoriums, recording rooms , events, music studios etc. it is not toxic for the occupants where is it being used.
If you are not able to attach the mass loaded vinyl barrier to reduce the noise during the installation then no need to worry about that you can attach to the dry walls and paint it. Or can be attached to the back of the paneling with good finishing nails .
Mass loaded vinyl barrier for Ceiling and Flooring
Mass loaded vinyl barrier not only be used in ceiling it can also be used in flooring also. So that it acts as a barrier from the below like children running around or dropping things. In the modern trend, many houses are constructed in the plan of placing the media room in the basement and the living room on the top, In order to protect the noise from the media room to living room, here the mass loaded vinyl barrier is used for flooring or ceiling purpose.
MLVB Easy, cost effective, non-toxic
Mass Loaded vinyl barrier sound proofing can be done to the walls, ceilings and also to the flooring of the media room. Before the introduction of the mass loaded vinyl barrier the raw lead sheets were used to control the noise from the outside after the introduction of the mass loaded vinyl barrier, due to its ease in installation, cost effectiveness, and non-toxic formula are the most of the benefits that come with the mass loaded vinyl barrier.
Our Acoustical Soundproofing products and services
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How to Choose an Acoustic Flooring Supplier
In case you’re searching for an acoustic deck supplier, then you may definitely comprehend what you require, and what you’re searching for, thus have officially chosen which sound control items supplier is a good fit for you. In case you’re not certain what to search for, there this is what you have to consider.
1. You’ll need to pick an acoustic ground surface supplier that has been built up quite a while. This implies they will have the experience with the goal that you get the items you requirement for your venture.
2. Since they’ll have a great deal of experience, the acoustic protection organization will have a ton of item learning and have the capacity to give you the guidance and data you require so you can get the right solid control items.
3. You may have the capacity to take a gander at contextual investigations, with the goal that you can perceive how their sound diminishment items have helped different organizations, and see what kind of items are required and the outcomes that have been accomplished.
4. Contingent upon your needs, you might need to see particular applications in your industry, or like your residential need, with the goal that you know precisely what’s in store, or by what other means you can profit by a calmer home or working environment.
5. Having the capacity to browse an extensive variety of items is essential, with the goal that you’re not limited. You would prefer not to need to trade off, or get something that is not a good fit for your needs.
6. Distinctive items are required for sound control for new forms and restoring existing structures. Your acoustic protection supplier should have the capacity to let you know which items are a good fit for your circumstance. You would prefer not to need to fall foul of the building regulations since you lack the right kind of sound decrease items.
7. You’ll most likely need to guarantee that the acoustic deck organization offers a fitting administration. Unless you’re knowledgeable about fitting sound lessening items yourself, you’ll need to ensure that your sound control items are fitted appropriately with the goal that they can work legitimately.
8. It’s fundamental that the acoustic protection items you pick meet significant security guidelines and also the proper building regulations. Certain items must have the capacity to withstand fire for a specific time span, or should have the capacity to dampness safe.
9. On the off chance that you can’t discover the items that you requirement for your establishment, then you may need a bespoke administration with the goal that you can get what you require, and not need to trade off, or settle for something sub-par.
10. Regardless of what kind of venture you’re included in, or acoustic protection items you require, you’ll need to get esteem for cash. Picking items that don’t address your issues, or settling for something short of what you truly need, or selecting items or a supplier on value alone isn’t a smart thought. The security and peace and calm of your family, office staff, or visitors in your inn relies on upon you getting the sound control, and you can’t stand to fail to understand the situation.
Interior Designing Tools for Central heating Plumbing Electrical works
The main kit illustrated on the right includes the full range of tools likely to be required for most plumbing and central heating projects. For the straightforward tasks described in the following pages, however, the tools in the “emergency” kit should be quite adequate The emergency kit is a basic set of tools that no household should be without. By taking on such tasks as changing a tap washer, then moving on to a more advanced job, such as plumbing in a replacement kitchen sink, you should gain confidence and discover that there is no real mystique in basic plumbing.
Anybody with even modest ability should be able to go on to collect a few more tools, and tackle some larger projects. :E ;:a z ” ~ z e ~ r- c: s:: ~ z o Emergency kit For the sorts of plumbing problems that are likely to occur at some point, such as a burst pipe or overflowing tank, every household should have these essential plumbing tools and accessories to hand: • Pipe repair kit • Claw hammer • Screwdriver with blade selection • Tap and ballvalve washers • Combination pliers • PTFE tape • Garden hose ffor draining system) • Length of wire • Piece of rubber fan old hot water bottle does nicely) Plumber’s tool kit The tools shown below should cover just about every eventuality.
Among them are several that are needed only for very special tasks. Study your project to find out what is involved, and decide which, if any, tools you would be better off hiring. • Pipe cutters for copper tubing • Junior hacksaw for cutting pipes in position • Claw hammer • Club hammer • Flat-bladed screwdriver fmedium) • Flat-bladed screwdriver fsmall) • Electrical neon test screwdriver • Pozidriv screwdriver fmedium) • Pozidriv screwdriver fsmall) • Adjustable grips • Stillsons fcan be hired) • Blowlamp • Heat-resistant mat • Steel tape • Flat file fsmall) • Electric drill • Masonry bits • Hole saw fmultibladed) • Electric jigsaw • General purpose hand saw • Open-ended adjustable spanner • Bending springs f1 Smm and 22mm) • Spirit level fsmall) • Sink plunger • Combination pliers • Crowsfoot basin spanner • Radiator valve key Right 1 Bending spring 2 Multiblade hole cutter attachment for electric drill 3 Adjustable grips 4 Skeleton gun and silicone sealant 5 Copper pipe cutter 6 Basin wrench or spanner 7 Boss blue 8 PTFE tape 9 Radiator valve key 10 Immersion heater spanner Some tools such as the power jigsaw and hand saw might perform many of the same tasks.
However, if you are cutting a hole in a worktop, for example, the jigsaw will be indispensable fthough you might only wish to hire one for the purpose). Accessories There are several items and materials that should form part of your basic plumber’s kit alongside the tools. These include: PTFE fPolytetrafluoroethylene) tape A non-sticky film used for winding roun and sealing threaded joints. Boss blue A sealing compound approved for use on drinking water supplies. It is a useful standby for troublesome joints. Lead•free solder Used for end-feed fittings. Solder ring fittings have the solder in them and do not require extra.