To make the T-halving joint, saw down to the shoulder line using a series~f cuts and then chisel out tile Waste wood. T-halving joints Like the corner-halving joint, this type of joint is also used for joining wood of the same thickness, but this time to form cross rails. Again, you need to measure and cut each piece to half its original thickness. • Construction The best way to approach a recess comprising a chimney breast and alcoves is to construct cupboards as identical units. An ideal width for doors is 60cm f24in) – this allows you to cut them from a 1.2m f4ft) sheet of blockboard without wastage for use ready-made doors).
If this width of door is not convenient for the space you have, determine the number and size of doors by measuring the distance from wall to wall and then calculating the number of same- size doors that fit, allowing space for them to open. • Above Wall-mounted shelves are an obvious storage solution when floor space is limited, but even a space too small for a traditional wardrobe can be adapted by using freestanding racking of the type shown here. Materials and equipment • Timber, blockboard, and plywood for fascias, battens, shelves, and doors • Ready-made doors, if preferred • Moulding • Wood saw • Tenon saw • Jig saw • Spirit level • Try square • Marking gauge • Smoothing plane • Power drill and masonry bit • Cramps • Adhesive • Pins, screws, and wallplugs • Hammer and screwdriver • Chisel • Angle brackets • Iron-on veneer • Hinges, handles, and magnetic catches • Paint or varnish and brushes o o Cut to length 7.5 x 2.scm f3 x 1 in) softwood for the fascia framework. Mark out and cut T-halving and corner- halving joints using a tenon saw and chisel. e Use pva woodworking adhesive and cramps to complete and secure the joints. Check with a try square before final tightening.
When the glue has set, trim the joints neatly using a smoothing plane. e Mark out and then cut 15 x 2.scm f6 x 1 in) softwood for the footboard. Screw it to the rear of the bottom frame, 12mm fXin) below the top edge. o Cut 12mm fXin) plywood shelves. Screw 2.5 x 2.scm f1 x 1 in) battens to the wall and check they are level. Screw battens to the side and rear walls and then fix plywood to the battens with panel pins. Punch the pins below the surface. Fix a batten to the rear of the frame on the horizontal e e member. Offer the frame up.
Pin the top shelf to the batten and the lower to the footboard. ” Cut out the top inner fascia board from 15 x 2.scm f6 x 1 in) softwood, using an electric jigsaw or tenon saw. You may have to join two pieces. G Screw angle brackets to the rear of the fascia board and screw it to the ceiling – use the right fixings for your ceiling. Fix the inner fascia board to the rear of the side frames. • Make up the central cupboard frame from 7.5 x 2.scm f3 x 1 in) softwood. Fix it in between the side frames using brackets. Then screw it to the inner fascia. o Screw 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to the chimney breast wall, with inner edges aligning with those of the fascia. f) Cut and fix 18mm f%in) c • blockboard to enclose each cupboard.
Fix side panels using panel pins. C If required, cut the dressing table top from 18mm f%in) blockboard. Fix 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to the sides of the cupboards and rear wall. batten to the front. Screw the top to the battens . • Fix hanging rail brackets to the end wall and the side of the chim- ney breast. Slot the pole into one bracket before fixing the other. f) Cut the doors to size from 1 8mm f%in) blockboard and add a decorative moulding to give a panelled effect – or use ready-mad doors adjusted to fit. If using blockboard, cover all exposed edges with veneer. Screw three 7.5cm f3in) flush hinges to each door, then fix to the frame. Fit doo handles and magnetic catches. Sand down the complete wardrobe ready for painting or varnishing. • • • • • o m m r s s ro n r n q rofessionals H aving decided on a repair or improvement project for the home, the next decision is whether ro do the job yourself or to call in a professional. Complicated or long projects may require expertise or time which the homeowner may not have but that does not mean that the whole job has to be turned over ro a contracror.
Wooden designs in furniture in interior designing and decoration
Cut down the shoulder to the centre line with a tenon saw, then remove the waste wood by cutting down from the end. e Check the joint for fit and then apply adhesive to the shoulder and face of both parts. Clamp loosely, check the corner with the try square, and tighten the cramp. Trim all M faces of the joint neatly with a smoothing plane and trim the upper frame to fit the alcove. e Set a profile gauge to the shape of the skirting at the height of the lower frame, and then transfer the outline to the timber. Carefully cut out and smooth the skirting shape. o Measure and cut 18mm fY.in) blockboard for shelves, top board, doors, and foot board. The top board should overlap the finish flush with the lower cupboard fascia. Glue and pin a strip of hardwood to the front edge of the top board of the lower cu pboard. ” e c e Use 2.5 x 2.5cm f1 x 1 in) battens to join the cupboard components.
Cut to length and drill for fixing screws. o Glue the screw battens to the outer edges of the top and bottom panels, and to the front edges of end panels. Join the cupboards and fascia frames by gluing and screwing through the battens on the outside. • The cupboard backs are 4mm fYsin) plywood, glued and pinned into position. o Fix brackets into corners of cupboards. Drill the back through the hole in each one. ;/ • .nl”, )’ , CD e Cut the foot board from 2.5cm f1 in) thick timber to fit between the skirtings and to reach from the floor to the underside of the bottom panel. Drill and screw to the back of the fascia. C Before fixing the cupboards in position, finish the outside with paint or varnish. When dry, position each cupboard and check that it is horizontal using a spirit level.
Mark through the fixing brackets, remove the cupboards, and drill the wall with a masonry bit. Insert wallplugs and screw the cupboards securely into place. 4D Exposed edges of block- board on shelves and doors should be edged by applying a matching iron-on veneer. o Make doors to fit, or buy ready-made doors and adjust them to suit your cupboard dimensions. Screw flush hinges to the backs of the doors and hang them by fixing the flaps of the hinges to the fascia frames. ~ Drill the doors fwith scrap wood behind to prevent burst through) and fit the handles in convenient positions. Finally, fit magnetic catches to hold the doors closed. • • fardrobes ~ he major advantage of a fitted wardrobe is that it makes best use of any available space – you can take it right up to the ceiling and wall, sometimes to both walls, to produce wall-to-wall cupboards.
Tiling Projects in interior designing and decoration
Tiling Projects in interior designing and decoration. Interior game offers complete interior designing and decoration training and tips for the interior designers andstudents of interior designing and decoration from various universities. Interior designing guidance for all type of buildings will be given at free of cost.
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Wire Brush to remove paints in interior designing and decoration
Remove excess or flaking paint manually with a wire brush or with a cup or wheel brush attachment on a power drill. Always wear face protection. If repainting, use a metal primer on the cleaned surface first. Once metal has started to corrode the process will continue, and accelerate, unless it is properly treated. Where you find rust, indoors in bathrooms or on leaky radiators, or outdoors on decorative iron- work or guttering, use a wire brush to remove all traces of it. Finish off with wire wool to clear away any fine dust from the surface.
After that, paint over the whole affected area with a rust- neutralizing primer or a decorative rust-resisting enamel paint of the type used for radiators, which does not need a primer coat- and allow it to dry completely before applying the top coat. Rust by using a printer that reacts the rust and between the metal and the moisture-laden air. Different methods and materials used in the construction of walls often depends on the age of the building, when alterations or extensions of anywere made and whether the walls are external or internal.
For the purposes of decorating it is hardly important to know how walls are built for they are usually covered internally with a layer of plaster or plasterboard, which presents a smooth surface for painting or papering. All types of wallcovering from wallpaper and vinyl to hessian, cork, and ceramic tiles can be fixed with special adhesives, as along as the plaster is firm and sound. But for fixing anything heavier it is important to know what lies beneath the plaster so that you can make the right choice of fixing.
External Walls
The outside walls of a house are usually built with a double thickness of bricks or blocks. Originally, walls would have been solid but, in the 1 920s, cavity walls were first introduced, and these are now stand- ard in houses built since that decade. These double walls improve insulation and reduce the risk of damp.
Painting tips and guide in interior designing and decoration
T Surfaces and primers Unpainted softwood composite boards Ordinary wood primers, all- purpose surface primers, or primer/undercoat Resinous softwood and hardwood Aluminium wood primer Insulation board Stabilizing primer New plastering, plasterboard, rendering, or brickwork All-surface primer under resin-based paints; no primer needed under emulsion Porous or powdery plaster, rendering, or masonry Stabilizing primer Old wallpaper Treat metallic inks with knotting New iron and steel Calcium plumbate primer outdoors; zinc chromate primate indoors Bitumen-coated metal Aluminium spirit-based sealer Galvanized iron and metal Calcium plumbate primer Aluminium Zinc chromate or zinc phosphate primer fnot lead- based primers) Copper and brass No priming necessary Lead Allow to weather before painting; no priming necessary Ceramic tiles All-surface primer or zinc chromate metal primer Plastic, glass fibre All-surface primer
Bathroom Tiles and Ceiling Tiles Fixing in Interior designing and decoration
Bathroom Tiles and Ceiling Tiles Fixing in Interior designing and decoration
Battens of 2.5 x 1.5 cm are enough for most bathroom tiles. If they are tongued and grooved, no cross-pieces are necessary, but with some square-edge tiles it may be best to fit cross-pieces between the battens to give support on all edges. Pin the tiles through the edges, or use special clips that are hidden by the adjoining tiles.
Painting ceiling tiles
If you wish to paint your tiles, the ideal time to do this is before you put them up. Bear in mind that the surface of non- ceramic tiles is not necessarily robust, and so you need to take a degree of care to avoid damaging them. Use either emulsion or special fire-retardant paint. ever use gloss pain, since this can con- tribute to the spread of flames should there be a fire. Wood stains and varnishes in articles made of wood need treating with a preservative or finish, not only to preserve and protect the surface but also to bring out the inherent beauty of the grain and the texture of the timber itself.
The finish of the wood is an extremely important factor. Although painting would hide any slight surface defects, any blemish in wood is immediately accentuated when a clear finish, or a stain followed by clear finish, is applied. It is important, therefore, that all woodwork is clean and smooth before decorating work begins. When a clear finish is to be applied, it is essential that you give the surface a final sanding by hand, following the grain of the wood. If an orbital electric sander has been used at any stage, small circular scratches, resembling fish scales, will be seen in the final coat. ”
Finishes and their effects
- Sycamore:
- Matt polyurethane varnish
- Teak oil
- Painting and acrylic stain
- Gloss polyurethane varnish
- Liming paste
- Staining varnish.
Non-pigmented finishes
All finishes alter the color of wood to some extent, and some woods – mahogany and walnut, for example – turn much darker even when a completely clear finish is applied. An approximate idea of the color wood will take on when treated with a clear finish can be seen by dampening a small area with ordinary water. If this color is too light for your needs, then the wood can be stained before finishing. It is only possible to stain wood to a darker color; for a lighter shade it must be bleached. When staining wood, it is advisable to test the stain on an off-cut, or on an area that would normally be out of sight. It is notoriously difficult to remove stain, even immediately after it has been applied. If the wood has an open grain, and a smooth finish is required, then you will need to use a grain-filler to fill the pores . The alternative is to apply extra coats of the finish, rubbing down with an abrasive paper between coats.
Interior game offers complete training and interior designing services for interiors of Hotels and restaurants, Residential apartments and individual houses, Palaces and auditoriums, Exhibitions and functions, celebrations and meetings etc. Painting, Soundproofing and Gardening consultations and construction will be done by the company.
Ceilings in Interior designing and decoration
This, too, is often the most attractive option. With fitted furniture there is the potential problem of uneven ceilings and out-of-true corners. To overcome this, first fix a framework to the walls, using hardboard or plywood scraps to level out the undulations. Below By building the wardrobe out more from the wall, the chimney breast can be incorporated. Bottom This wardrobe fills out the alcoves, leaving the chimney breast intact.
Wardrobe fitments Fitted wardrobes help you make the best possible use of space, but they must be fitted out carefully inside or you will end up with a disorderly jumble. Interior fittings It is a good idea to fit an inter- mediate shelf to the width of the wardrobe just above hang- ing rail height, with a clearance of 4.S-6.Scm f1 j:,-2Y,in) to allow space for hangers to be hooked over the rail. Where the wardrobe is not sufficiently deep for a side-to-side rail there are various front-to-back rails that enable you to organ- ize your clothes efficiently. • Top to bottom Sliding rail with hanger guides; sliding wardrobe rail; extending wardrobe rail; traditional side-to-side clothes rail. tE Hinges There is a good range of different types of hinge designed to be used by those with little or no carpentry skills. Lay-on – Flush – Concealed Easy hang- Butt – made screwed to does not cabinet – this cranked of pressed inside surface need a recess requires a hinge does steel, this of door and in either the hole to be not need a is useful for cabinet side. door or the bored on the recess in internal and Concealed door frame inside surface either the external doors when closed of the door frame or the door • T
Dowel joint Dowels fhard- wood pegs) are an effective means of strengthening a butt joint without resorting to screws or nails, both of which are visible on the surface. Use precut, fluted dowels with chamfered ends, which make a strong joint by allowing glue to escape from the dowel hole, coating the surface of the dowel as the joint is assembled. Hardwood dowels are an excellent form of invisible ——- Simple woodworking joints A well-madejoint will increase the strength of the piece as well as ensuring that it is completely square. There are many different woodworking joints and their variations, but the ones most useful for the storage projects in this chapter are described here. Butt joint This is a simple joint but it needs to be carefu Ily prepared in order to be strong and look professional. The square-ended butt joint involves joining two pieces of wood or board together, usually end to side, to form a right-angled corner, or a T- joint. To be successful, a butt joint must be cut squarely and accurately.
Trim the cut ends with a plane if necessary and then glue and pin or screw. strengthening for a butt joint. Centre points help to align holes. r • • ~ ‘)., Corner-halving joints Halving joints are ideal for joining wood of the same thickness. This joint is formed by measuring and cutting each piece to half its thickness. ../’, f,;//’ , To make a corner-halving joint, first saw down to the shoulder line on each side. ~ -, Fixings The range of simple-to-use DIY fixing joints now available makes many building projects very straight- forward. These joints require no woodworking skill to use, and all are invisible once the doors are closed. -: ……………———– Square-section wood batten ” .> • Traditional dowel joint Then saw square to the shoulder, and then finally across.