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Painting and Oil Finishes in Wood in Interior designing and decoration

Painting Oil finishes

Oiled finishes, such as teak oil and Danish oil, are a useful alternative to finishes mentioned above. They are also easier to apply than polyurethane and varnish. On new wood, you will need to apply two coats, either with a brush or a mildly abrasive pad, cleaning off excess oil with a cloth. Teak oil and Danish oil leave the wood with a soft, lustrous finish that is truly resistant to liquids. When a high-gloss finish is required on exterior woodwork, consider using a yacht varnish. This usually contains teak oil, which has outstanding exterior durability.

Selection of dyes on sycamore

1. Ash grey

2. Medium oak

3. Light oak

4. Walnut

5. Bright green

6. Apricot

7. Deep mahogany 0

8. Mulberry blue

9. Antique pine

Waxing

This is popular for treating newly stripped pine. Some waxes color the wood a little – improving the bleached-out look of pine that has been immersed in a caustic solution, and giving the surface an “antiqued” appearance.

If you don’t wish to alter the look of the pine, make sure the wax you buy is colorless. Always rub the wood down first with a fine-grade of steel wool. If the wax is applied with a soft cloth, it will produce a natural satin finish. If you want a higher gloss, however, allow the new wax to dry completely and then buff it vigorously with a soft duster or clean, soft shoe brush. Right When stained to produce the right color and then treated with a protective top coat of varnish, the true beauty of natural wood is unsurpassed.

French polishing

This traditional form of wood treatment produces a rich, deep, lustrous finish, and is often applied to fine furniture. However, applying French polish is a skilled task for which you will need energy, patience, and a willingness to follow the instructions supplied. As a basic guide, use this sequence of steps. o To charge the fad, remove the cloth and saturate the wadding with polish.

Replace the cloth and squeeze until the polish oozes through. • Rub the fad along the grain with a minimum of pressure, overlapping each stroke. Too much pressure will force out too much polish and leave the surface sticky. • Leave the polish to dry for 10 minutes and smooth the surface with abrasive paper. • After that, work the fad in a flowing, circular movement. Finally, work along the grain of the wood once more, overlapping each stroke. If the wood is paneled, use the fad’s nose to work the polish into the corners. Use the fad’s nose in the same fashion when polishing a carved wooden surface or when dealing with any awkward crevices.

Dust the surface to remove any grit and then fill the fad with polish again . Now work the fad along the grain of all the surface, overlapping each stroke. Next, work the fad in a series of figures of eight . Fabrics decorating your home involves far more than selecting the most pleasing combination of wall and floor coverings. By incorporating fabrics – curtains, blinds, furniture covers, and cushions – you can change the decor from plain, drab and lifeless to one that has softness, warmth, and vitality. Fabrics are available in an enormous range of colors, patterns, textures, and weights. They vary from fine to coarse weave, shiny to rough surfaced, flimsy to heavyweight. Each is best suited to a particular range of uses and creates its own special effects.

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Cork Wall Tiles Vs Ceramic Wall Tiles to decorate walls in interior designing and decoration

Cork Wall Tiles Vs Ceramic Wall Tiles

To emphasize texture, use oblique lighting, which throws the hollows into shadow and highlights the peaks. Below Cork tiles make a warm, decorative coloring for bathrooms and other rooms, and they do much to camouflage poor wall surfaces.

Cork wall tiles

Most people think of wall tiles as being of the glazed ceramic variety, but for a textured finish to a room there are other types, such as cork. Cork tiles, as well as a being a popular choice as a floor covering, also make a decorative surface in bathrooms, where they contribute to insulation and warmth; in offices and children’s rooms, where they can double as pin boards; and in other rooms where they are used simply as a decorative device. Cork tiles are most commonly 30 cm square and about 3 mm thick. The type suitable as a wall covering are usually untreated, whereas flooring-quality types are sealed.

Always use the adhesive recommended by the tile manufacturer. Contact adhesives are applied both to the wall and to the back of the tile, while cork adhesive is spread only on the wall. It is important that the wall should be clean and free of grease.

HINTS AND TIPS

Natural cork is difficult to clean, so consider treating the tiles with a clear for, if you wish, colored) polyurethane sealer in a room where frequent cleaning may be necessary. • When tiling into corners, cut the last tile by holding a tile over the last whole fixed one. Then take another tile and place it over the two, but reaching right into the corner.

Mark a line along the edge of the top tile onto the surface of the middle one and cut along it with a craft knife to give a perfect fit.

Battens for fixing fibrous tiles to a ceiling need to be screwed into each joist to support the combined weight of the tiles. Above Mirror tiles are perfect in a bathroom, but the supporting wall must be perfectly flat. Don’t worry if the surface is uneven as long as it is reasonably firm – cork tiles are very forgiving and do an excellent job of camouflaging rough surfaces, With the aid of a plumb line and spirit level, mark vertical and horizontal starting lines for the tiling work. Even though cork tiles abut closely and do not show obvious joins, it is still worth applying the same principles of good procedure as you would when fixing ceramic tiles, so that cut tiles at either end of a wall are in symmetry.

Mirror tiles Convenient for bathroom use, mirror tiles are usually supplied with self-adhesive pads or strips attached to their reverse side. If you intend to fix more than one, bear in mind that any unevenness of the supporting surface behind may well cause the faces of the tiles to produce some very distorted reflections. Unless walls are perfect, it may be preferable to fix a sheet of plywood backing to the wall first, and then stick the mirror tiles to it for a completely distortion-free finish.

Quarry tiles and mosaics

Although equally hard wearing as ceramic tiles, and requiring similar fixing techniques, quarry tiles are unglazed and have more of a casual, country appearance – a look that is emphasized by their predominantly earthy coloration. Quarry tiles contain a high proportion of quartz and are not particularly porous, which makes them a suitable choice for kitchens. There may be slight natural color variations in quarry tiles, even in those from the same batch – a fact you can exploit when planning a color scheme. Small quarry tiles in a variety of shapes are also available, and these are suitable for creating mosaic patterns. If left untreated quarry tiles have a Matt appearance.

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How to seal the ceiling bleed with plaster and aluminium prime sealer?

Ceiling Bleed and stop with plaster or Aluminium prime sealer

Though Ceiling is not considered much like walls and floor in a room at the times of interior designing and decoration, it is must to watch the ceiling and give enough attention to it to get better appearance and gesture in the room.

Stains on a ceiling in interior designing can sometimes “bleed” through new decoration. If this is the case, you will have to seal the interiors ceiling with either aluminium prime-sealer or a proprietary stain block. ,a , Lath and plaster Timber strips known as laths are nailed to the undersides of the joints. Plaster can then be forced between the laths.

Ceiling tiles

Ceiling tiles can be used to cover up a poor surface or to add insulation to a cold room. It is usually best to tile from the center of the ceiling toward the edges of the room. If, however, there is a straight wall near the room’s entrance, you can use it as your starting point.

Expanded polystyrene tiles are usually 30 cm or 60 cm square and have chambered edges. They are fixed with a special tile adhesive that you spread over the entire ceiling. They are easy to trim and cut to size and shape using a sharp knife and straightedge. Fibrous and gypsum plaster tiles are another option for covering a ceiling. These tiles are, however, much heavier than polystyrene types and so they have to be pinned to battens that are screwed at right angles to the ceiling joints, and spaced so that the tiles meet at their centers. Finding the joints may be a little difficult. If you cannot locate them by tapping, listening for a different sound in response, drill a series of small holes in the ceiling until you find one.

Use 3 x 1.5 cm battens, for tongued-and-grooved tiles it is not necessary to install any cross-pieces, but some tiles may require them to give support along their edges. The tiles are pinned through their edges or installed with special clips, which are hidden by the adjoining tiles. If the tiles are to be painted, it is easier to do this before they are attached to the ceiling. Use either an emulsion or a fire- retardant paint, never use gloss paint, since it is highly flammable. Far left Tiles are useful for hiding a poor ceiling and for adding insulation. For the example here, the tiles are mounted in a lightweight frame.

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Tips for Creating Arches with plaster and paper and painting

Creating arches with paper and painting with plastering

Then two strips of paper are applied to the underside of the arch in interior designing and decoration to meet at the apex. Since large motifs and complicated patterns are difficult to match on the different faces of an arch they are best avoided. Small random patterns or textured paper painted with emulsion are better choices.

Fibrous plaster arches

If you don’t feel that your do-it-yourself skills are up to creating an ornate archway, then there are some easy and convincing “cheats” to fall back on, in the form of preformed, fibrous plaster arches. These arches, in various classic styles, are readily available, and are supplied in sections that you fix either directly to the opening, or to a light timber-batten frame, using either screws or caving adhesive and tacks.

Accessories, such as corbels and pillars, made from the same lightweight material, complete the effect. o Mark the center of the opening, offer one mesh arch former section to the wall and lightly nail it in place. e If required for a wide wall, cut soft strips from mesh to cover the gap between the arch former. Nail angle bead for brickwork or mini- mesh angle bead for plasterboard on all vertical corners below the arch. Insert a location jointing piece or dowel into the bead. Leave half protruding. Fit the other arch former. Repeat on the other side. Attach the soft strips to form a continuous infill on the underside of the arch using screws or ties. Plaster directly onto the steel mesh using either two-coat or one-coat plasters.

Ceilings in interior designing

Although they are an integral part of a room’s structure, ceilings tend to be ignored until they start to cause problems or they are in need of decoration. Fortunately, major problems are few and usually the most that is required before repainting or papering is for a few hairline cracks to be filled in.

However, by simply adding molded decorative features to a ceiling, you can introduce a little style and distinction and perhaps bring harmony to a room.

Lowering a ceiling

There may be many good reasons for wanting to lower a ceiling, but the main ones are to make a room seem more cozy and easier to heat, and also to hide a ceiling that may be cracked or have surface-mounted water pipes. More than likely, the ceiling will be in a tall room and you will want to lower it by a significant amount.

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How to make the room visibly larger by painting? Painting Tips and Guidance

Painting in interior designing and decoration

Painting can do magic in interior designing and decoration. If you use light color paints in the walls and the ceiling the room looks larger and and visibly more height than the original. The spacious rooms are not actually spacious, it’s all the talent of the interior designer‘s effort to make the room visibly larger than the original in interior designing.

Arches can also be used to decorate alcoves, recesses, and other openings. Wherever they are placed, they sponsor a sense of spaciousness. Right An archway leading from the kitchen to a neighboring dining room is both convenient and helps to create an illusion of extra space. Below A simple, unfussy arch lends a spacious feeling to a living room by linking it with the hallway beyond.

Types and styles in Interior designing

Whether made to measure or bought as a preformed kit of lightweight galvanized steel mesh, an arch can be fitted into virtually any opening in the home. It is advisable to choose the style carefully, however, since the shape will affect the amount of headroom the opening ends up with, and it may not look right in certain situations.

Elliptical, Spanish, and Tudor styles are ideal for wider openings, while Indian, Arabian and semicircular shapes are better suited to narrower doorways. Corner arches just round off the angle without greatly affecting the headroom anywhere, but the full, rounded shape of semicircular types eats into the headroom at the sides. Pointed arches are distinctive without taking any headroom from the middle of the opening. Once the style of the arch has been decided, the unplastered opening needs to be measured to establish the size of arch required. In an already finished room, this requires some hacking away of plaster to reveal the underlying brick or stud work.

Depending on its size the arch may be in two or more sections. If there are four sections, these are fixed individually to the wall, their beads being joined by lengths of connecting dowel. On a narrow wall, the two overlapping soffits which form the underside of the arch are fastened together with zinc-plated self-tapping screws or twists of galvanized binding wire. For a thicker wall– greater than 23 cm – the additional width is made up with a strip of mesh known as a soffit strip, which is fastened in the same way.

Plastering

Once it is securely fixed to the wall, the arch is ready for plastering. You can choose from a number of plasters: traditional two- coat lightweight plaster, one-coat plaster, or a number of premixed plasters. The latter tend to be more expensive if a large area is being covered, but they are more economical for small areas, involve less wastage, and – perhaps most importantly- are very easy to use.

With the two- coat method, a base coat of metal lathing plaster is first applied to the frame. The plaster is smoothed on with a trowel, using the solid bead as a guide to plaster depth and for the trowel. When th is coat is dry, a thin coat of finish plaster is applied in the same way. The result is a perfect shape and a professional finish. One-coat and premixed plaster also give good finishes. No matter which type of plaster you use, you must allow it to dry out thoroughly before attempting to decorate.

Wallpaper patterns

Wallpapering arch with lining paper is not complicated. The paper is applied to each face of the arch, sealing the edge by turning a margin of paper onto the under-side of the arch.

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Interior designing and decoration walls with plaster board settings

How to handle plaster boards on the wall interior designing and decoration?

Nail the sheets of plasterboard to the battens using plasterboard nails.

Locating joists

To locate the joists in a top-floor room, you need to climb up into the attic space and take a look. In a boarded attic or in an upstairs room, you need to note where the nails are that fix the floorboards to the underlying joists. If the boards are covered, tap the ceiling in the room below with your knuckles. A “solid” sound and feel indicates the presence of a joist. Alternatively, you will have to make a series of small test holes with a drill to find the joists and then make good afterwards. Supporting noggins can meet each other exactly or be slightly offset. Support it with an off cut while nailing. If a door frame is required, the top should be cut into the studs so that it is firmly supported.

Disguising the joints hide the joints between the boards, to use a smooth, professional surface at can then be painted or papered, the ,sowing materials are required: Next, apply jointing tape, pressing it down with a filling knife so that it is well embedded in the jointing compound. o Feather out the edges of the jointing compound with a moist sponge. Allow the compound to dry thoroughly. To fill the joints between the plaster- board, first apply jointing compound to the tapered edges using a steel float. Use the steel float once more to apply another band of jointing compound, 20 cm wide.

Finally, apply another band of jointing compound, this time 30 cm wide. 4 Screen walls Although they don’t offer much benefit in terms of sound insulation and, often, they cannot be used as structural partitions, screen walls are a quick and relatively inexpensive method of dividing up a large space. In this way, different uses can be made of what was formerly a single-activity room.

As well as the traditional Japanese style of screen wall, freestanding “flats” can be used, or a stud work and plasterboard partition can be constructed, which is capable of sup- porting bookshelves and pictures. Above Here, a traditional Japanese type screen is made out of black wooden frame and textured glass. Below Wood finish screen divides the space, and offers different ways of varying the arrangement of the room. • Archways can be an elegant solution to softening what otherwise could be an inappropriately stark or boxy room feature. For example, where a wall that formerly divided two rooms has been removed to create a larger, more open space, a wider arch than is strictly necessary will transform the boring square opening framed by the supporting rolled-steel joist resting on its piers. On a smaller, more intimate scale, an arched opening can be used to link two related rooms, such as a kitchen and dining room or a bedroom and bathroom or dressing room.

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Interior desiging and decoration fixing Wall Panels and other decorative items on the wall

Fixing the fixtures with plugs

Yet others resemble masonry bolts but are split in such a way that the plug around the stem collapses as the screw is tightened to, If you have a large number of screws to plug into masonry walls, you can save a lot of time and trouble by using a tap- in screw/plug system. form a mushroom-shaped nut. These can be reclaimed and used again if necessary.

Battens

Another way of fixing to a hollow wall is to screw battens to the framework behind and then make the fixings to this.

Adhesives

Although it is true that modern adhesives can perform miracles in certain situations, you should be at least a little cautious about using them instead of nails and screws. This is because the strength of the bond more often than not depends on the adhesion of a layer of paint to the plaster.

If you use adhesive over a broad expanse of wall, however, it is unlikely to let you down. Make sure you remove the grease in the interior surface to which you are applying adhesive, using white or methyl spirit. You can also use a strong detergent, but then you must rinse and dry the surface. Neoprene-based adhesives, which can be squeezed from a tube or gun, are available for fixing thin wall panels. These take up minor irregularities in the wall surface, up to about 6 mm can then drill directly into them and screw in wood screws without having to use toggles or other types of fixing designed for hollow panels.

If it is not obvious where the joists are located – paler strips on the paint work or different notes in response to knocking are often tell-tale signs – drill a series of tiny holes through the plasterboard until you meet.

No matter how much care you take when drilling, you often end up with over-sized holes in masonry and breeze blocks. If the looseness is only slight, insert spills splinters of wood or twists of paper) or matchsticks around the wall plug to take up the slack. Screwing into a tightly fitting wall plug can sometimes be extremely difficult. If so, place a little soap, light grease, or a silicone lubricant on the screw ends before starting.

When fixing objects to ceilings, it is important to discover where the joists are located. Once these have been found, you some resistance. Fixing the plasterboard Cut plasterboard 2. 5 cm short of the partition’s height and hold it firmly against the ceiling while it is nailed to the framework. Fix the boards with galvanized plasterboard nails at 40 cm centers and 12.5 mm from the edge. Drive each nail until the head surface but does not tear the paper lining. Partition wall of the room that is too large for its requirements often can be successfully partitioned to create two smaller, more manageable spaces that can be used for different activities.

Constructing a partition wall yourself may seem like a major undertaking, however, one requiring considerable knowledge and skill in interior designing and decoration. Happily, the task is much simpler and more straightforward than you might initially think – all that is required is a timber stud framework covered with plasterboard. Bear in mind, though, that such a wall is simply a partition and is not load-bearing. Below A large room may sometimes be put to better use if it is divided into different activity areas.

In the example illustrated here, a partition wall – made up from sheets of plasterboard has been built in order to create an attractive study/home office at the rear of a living room.

Materials and techniques

Making a frame of 7.5 x 5 cm timber is straightforward. The framework must be fixed to the ceiling joists, which is not a problem where the partition is at right angles to them. If it runs parallel, it is best to locate it directly under a joist. Alternatively, noggins can be installed between the joists, but this will probably involve lifting carpets and floorboards in the room above.

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Working With Plaster Board Tools Tips and Guidance for the perfect workout

Interior designing and decoration Plaster board working with tools and tips

The interior decoration tools required for building the frame are hammer, screwdriver, drill, spirit level, and plumb line and bob. A foot lifter, a rounded triangular section of timber cut from 25 x 5 cm softwood is useful for lifting the plasterboard off the floor as you fix it in place at the interior designing and decoration. Buy a ready made door from interior designing and decoration product store, if one is required, rather than try to construct one yourself with the guidance from interior game. Match the door frame and architrave to others in your home interiors. Plasterboard for interior designing and decoration is normally available in sheets 1.2 x 1.8 or 2.4 m long, in thicknesses of 12.5 mm.

The length of board needed depends on the height of the room to suit the theme of the interior designing. Thicker sheets are more expensive but require fewer supports. Working with plasterboard in interior designing requires few tools. A fine-toothed saw is needed to cut it, ivory-side up, although short lengths can be cut by scoring the ivory side deeply with a sharp knife and snapping the waste over a straightedge, cutting through the lining on the backing with the knife. In interior walls holes for light switches and socket outlets need to be marked on the plasterboard with a pencil and cut out with a pad saw or keyhole saw before being fixed in place on the walls of the interiors. Fix the plasterboard to the framework with galvanized plasterboard nails and hide the joints with joint tape and filler sold in interior designing stores. Constructing the framework First, mark on the floor exactly where the wall and door, if required, are to be located to make the interior designing and decoration of your home to be seen as a professional one.

A continuous length of timber, the sole plate, broken only for the door opening, is fixed along the center line. It is nailed or screwed to the floor at 60 cm centers, two fixings at a time. The sole plate can be fixed directly to floorboards, but securing it through to joists will make the structure stronger. Now fix the head plate to the ceiling. Using a spirit level against a straight piece of timber or a plumb line, mark the ceiling directly above the sole plate. Fix a continuous length of timber to the ceiling, driving through the ceiling into the joists. The head plate should be broken only if the ceiling is very low or the door exceptionally high.

Once the sole and head plates are in place, fix the vertical studs between them. Place these at 40 cm centers for 9.5 mm thick board or 60 cm for 12.5 mm thick board and at each side of any opening. Skew nail the studs, using two nails per fixing. For extra strength, fix noggings halfway up the studs, as well as where required for supporting heavy fixtures, such as a washbasin. Snap a string chalk line along the ceiling as a guide for fixing the head plate. Cut vertical studs precisely to length so that they are a tight fit when in place between the head and sole plates. Use long screws to fix the head plate securely into the ceiling joists supporting the plaster. Tap each stud into place with a hammer and check with a spirit level to make sure that each is vertical.

Cutting plasterboard for interior designing and decoration

Cut sheets of plasterboard with the paper lining face downward. Use a sharp, fine-toothed saw for long lengths of plasterboard. Alternatively, for short lengths you can use a sharp knife to score deep lines in the material and then snap off the waste over a straightedge. Cut out holes for switches with a pad saw or keyhole saw after first drilling a starting hole. Sand the cut edges lightly to remove any paper burrs. t e Use an off cut of timber to support a stud so that it does not slip while you nail it to the sole plate. Use glass fiber for sound and thermal insulation, especially between a bathroom and bedroom. o When fitting the plasterboard into place, slip a foot lifter made of wood under the board to raise it to the correct height .

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Interior designing and decoration and issues in wall designing and fixing fittings

Problems in Wall interior designing and decoration

When doing interior designing and decoration in the walls, steel reinforcement rods may be present near the surface of concrete blocks. If you encounter one of these, there is no alternative other than to re-site the fixing or screw a wide batten to the wall and fix into that. Fixing holes must be at least 3.8 cm deep in order to penetrate through the plaster and at least 2.5 cm into the solid part of the wall. For a heavy-duty fixing, such as a bracket for a bookshelf, it will be necessary to have 5 cm of the screw thread in the solid part of the wall.

Plugs in the walls

Plugs are made from wood, fiber, or plastic. Plastic is the most common material and is generally satisfactory in brick, stone, and concrete. Many manufacturers make one- size plugs for any screw size between No.6 and No. 12, which means that all the holes for these can be drilled with a single bit – a No.1 2 or No. 14. If the plug is shorter than the hole, turn the screw once or twice into it then tap the screw lightly into the wall before using the screwdriver. Expanding bolts For very heavy loads, such as those taken by pivoting support brackets, expanding bolts are your best choice.

These have a soft iron plug around the stem, which expands to make a tight fit as the bolt is tightened in the hole.

HINTS AND TIPS

Hollow-wall fixings

For hollow walls, those made of plasterboard or wallboard, there are two main types of fixings for heavy loads – gravity toggle fasteners and spring toggle fasteners in interior designing and decoration. Both fasteners consist of a bolt with a specialized nut that folds down the shank as it is inserted through the object to be hung and the board. Once released, however, the nut opens out and grips onto the blind side of the board as the screw is tightened. These fixings are strong and spread the load over a wide area.

Large toggle fasteners can even support the weight of central heating radiators. These fixings are permanent, however, and once used they cannot be reclaimed. Screw anchors Lighter fixings into hollow walls can be made with any of several types of plastic screw anchor. As the screw is tightened, the anchor opens and grips the blind side of the panel. Some screw anchors open like umbrellas, but work on much the same principle.

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Interior designing and decoration is not complete without wall decoration, since the wall plays a major role in the appearance of the room or the hall. For more information on the wall designing and decoration continue the reading on other posts published here. Visit http://www.interiorgame.info to get complete tips and guidance to make your interior designing and decoration a world class one.

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Interior wall structure and designing and decoration with plaster of paris

Interior designing and decoration Wall construction with plaster of Paris

Interior designing starts from the construction of the house. When construction starts, we should consider the changes to be made in future on decorate the house. Walls are made of rigid materials and if we choose to design and decorate the house with smooth walls with wallpapers and designs that can be altered at any time. The wall’s inner leaf may be constructed of brick, block, or a timber frame. The inner side of brick and block walls are usually plastered, but a timber frame is covered on the outside with exterior grade plywood and the inside with plasterboard.

Solid walls in interior designing and decoration

Plastered brick Normally found only in houses built before 1920. Above Stripping off the interior surface of plaster of walls exposes the underlying brickwork. Once cleaned, repainted if necessary, and sealed, an exposed brick wall makes an attractive focal point for a room. Plastered stone Normally found only in houses built before-1920.

Inerior designing and Cavity walls

Plastered brick inner leaf Two leaves of brick separated by a gap. Plastered block inner leaf Two leaves of block separated by a gap. Timber frame inner leaf Outer leaf brick, or block, inner leaf of timber frame clad on the outside with plywood, inside with plasterboard.

Interior walls

The walls within a building divide the interior space up into individual rooms, hallways, corridors, cupboards, and so on. These walls may be built from a number of different materials depending on the age of the building, and they may be either of solid or hollow construction.Some interior walls are also load-bearing. When struck with the heel of your hand, a solid wall sounds and feels solid, whereas a hollow wall makes more of an empty sound. Plastered concrete block Lightweight building blocks covered with a layer of plaster.

How to build interior walls with plasterboard

Plasterboard stud Sheets of thick plasterboard nailed onto timber studs, usually, and Lath and plaster stud normally found in houses built before 1920. Plaster is pressed onto thin timber laths, which are nailed across timber uprights. Plastered hollow clay block Lightweight building blocks covered with layer of plaster. Cellular-core wallboard Cardboard honey- comb sandwiched between sheets of plasterboard fixed between 4 Plastered single skin of brick Ordinary bricks covered with about a layer of plaster. Plasterboard-lined block or brick Sheets of thick plasterboard fixed onto the wall or vertical timber battens.

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