How does room construction materials affect sound in interior designing and decoration?

How does room construction materials affect sound?

Unbeknownst to a majority, the materials used for constructing and decorating a room plays a pivotal role in controlling the level and quality of sound in the room.
Have you ever been to a public felicitation or any program where you had to perk your ears to understand what the speaker was saying because the sound was muffled and unclear? Or you went to watch a movie in a cinema hall and the sound system was killing your mood because of echoes? These are day to day examples of how inadequate or excessive use of acoustic materials with different properties affect the quality of the sound.
When sound incidents on a surface, a part of it is absorbed by the material and a part of it is reverberated off the surface. The reflected waves bounces off of other surfaces until it dies down. The amount of sound reflected or absorbed depends on the acoustical properties of the material. Different materials possess different acoustical properties. Some of the materials are good absorbers of sound and some others reflect sound. Materials that absorb sound causes the sound to come out as dull and dry whereas the materials that reflect sound makes it sound muddy, and blurry. The usage of materials in the right way will result in the good quality of sound. Let us consider an example and analyse how this works.
Wood as such is not a good absorption material and hence its sound insulation properties are not particularly good. Dense wood structures reflects sound. This property of wood can be a boon or curse depending on how we utilize it. A person unaware of this property of wood may end up using it in such a way that it causes unwanted reflections reducing the quality of the sound but by the one who understands, the reflection property of wood can be utilised in concert halls and musical instruments. By using multi-layered constructions or placing porous absorption materials behind a wooden board or panel in addition to an air gap, sufficient amount of insulation can be achieved in wooden buildings. This applies to every material. Materials like cushions and curtains absorb sound whereas reverberative materials like wood and glass reflect sound until it dies off. They should be used in a way that they absorb sounds to avoid echoes.
To put is simply, the type and amount of materials and even the positioning of them by an interior designer affects the quality of sound in a room. A skilled architect or interior designer will consider the acoustics of the building or room in mind while working. Accordingly, materials and furnitures will be selected for the construction suiting its purpose. On the other hand if you are moving to a new space and you want to alter the acoustics of the building, changes can be made accordingly with the help of an acoustic engineer.
Acoustic engineers are professionals with knowledge in the field of acoustic engineering and soundproofing. ‘Acoustical surfaces’ is a leading company in the field of soundproofing and noise control. With over 25 years of experience and 400 different materials to be chosen from, customer satisfaction is with no doubt, guaranteed.
Visit http://acousticalsurfaces.in for more details.

LEED construction waste management

LEED construction waste management: Green recycling methods for reducing carbon footprint.

Owing to alarming rate of climate changes and its consequences, there has been a push towards green and sustainable construction over the last decade. Many public and private institutions and persons have integrated green methodologies into construction projects. The goal is to develop sustainable, long-lasting urban projects that doesn’t over use resources, instead preserve it. The persons and institutions subscribing to the green concept strive to ensure that their projects are highly efficient, uses high quality materials, and provides long-term cost savings to future residents, owners, and end-users. This ensures that such projects make contributions to the neighbourhoods and communities that they are in.

USGBC, or the United States Green Building Council is one of the above mentioned private organizations leading the way. LEED is a program created by USGBC to set guidelines for sustainable construction and development. LEED, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a rating system for an independent green building certification program. It provides voluntary guidelines. Based on the strategies used for building that are intended to improve human health metrics and environmental performances such as water savings, energy efficiency, material selection and so on, LEED provides a third-party verification. A project can obtain a Silver, Gold or Platinum certification based on the number of points it achieves in the LEEd rating system. As defined by USGBC, LEED is “a nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high-performance green buildings” and “provides building owners and operators with the tools they need to have an immediate and measurable impact on their buildings’ performance.” Healthier work and living environments are provided by LEED certified buildings, which in turn contributes to higher productivity and improved health and comfort of employes. The list of benefits of implementing LEED strategy compiled by USGBC ranges from reducing solid waste to improving air and water quality.
Construction Waste Management is a strategy that a real estate developer will encounter and try to attain. The basics of construction waste management is, instead of disposal in landfills and incineration of wastes obtained after construction or demolition or land clearing, some of them can be recycled and reused for construction. If at least 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition debris is recycled by a teams, they can obtain this certification from the LEED. For achieving this, develop and implement an effective construction waste management plan that at least identifies materials to be diverted from being disposed off and whether the materials may be sorted on-site or mixed. Soil excavated and land debris does not count.
Most projects will involve some kind of demolition at first. This process in turn produces a load of waste materials. The first step is to identify materials that can be recycled. Concrete, structural steel, aluminium, wood, cardboard, plastic, glass, and carpet, etc are the ones that can be recycled.
Next, the project team needs to develop a plan for the removal and segregation of the materials that are diverted. Most contractors designate a particular area at the site for collecting the recyclable materials. It is advised to keep recycling bins with labels for each material. These plans should be coordinated by the General contractor with the help of subcontractors and suppliers. Make it into plan an review it periodically consulting the subs and suppliers.
The next step is to identify recycling centres that will accept the materials and someone to haul the waste from the construction site. The hauler should obtain receipts from the facilities accepting the material after dropping off the materials, which records the quantity of each load by weight. The same should be done with the non-recyclable materials before dropping them at the landfill. Both receipts are need for the team to determine the overall percentage of construction and demolition debris recycled.
There are facilities that take care of the recyclable materials right from sorting them out into different types onsite. All of the debris can be co-mingled (recyclable and non-recyclable) and taken to a sorting facility. Different sorting facilities has different rates.

There are several alternate ways to comply outside instead of taking the debris to a recycling centre. Materials can be salvaged onsite, if it fits within the scope of work. Whether or not a project is aiming for LEED certification,construction waste management plan should always be considered by a team. Recycled materials can be redirected back to the construction site or reusable materials can be redirected to appropriate sites which will help reduce carbon footprint of a project.Reduce, recycle, and reuse.

Acoustical soundproofing products by soundproofing contractors

‘Go Green!’ in your office

Since the climatic conditions of Earth are worsening with each passing year, the concerns and needs to adapt environment friendly interior designing methods in every walks of our life has increased. ‘Go Green’ is the worldwide approved slogan for the initiative to use environment-friendly and recycled items.

This article lists 7 awesome ways to ‘Go Green!’ in your office.
1. Reduce wastage.
Reduce the wastage of items like paper and pen. Set printer default settings to double sided printing.
2. Reduce energy consumption.
◦ Reduce the consumption of fuel by availing carpooling facility, using public transport or even walking or cycling, if possible.
◦ Light the office space using natural light and proper ventilation should be provided so that use of AC and fans may be avoided. Use CFL, LED lights or other high efficient bulbs to reduce power consumption. Remove extra bulbs from spaces where there is too much lighting.
◦ Install motion censors in places that are frequently visited. Set timers on printers to automatically turn off after office working hours.
◦ Heating and cooling systems should be set at optimal temperature of 20-22 degree Celsius.
◦ Use renewable sources like solar power for generating power for office purposes.
1. Use Recycled products.
Use recycled papers, envelopes, cardboard etc.
2. Reuse and recycle products.
◦ Install centralized bins rather than private bins for waste collecting and recycling. Do this in a way that it doesn’t affect the employees’ working.
◦ Assign a local waste contractor who offers landfill services, to collect residual landfill.
◦ Use pens with refills such that you don’t have to throw it out after one use.
◦ When redecorating your office space, reuse the furniture with small changes suiting the new space.
◦ Fiber-boards are manufactured with recycled products and should be used.
1. Initiatives and campaigns.
◦ Take initiatives to make all the employees choose the ‘Go Green’ path.
◦ Conduct campaigns and even competitions to help promote the use of environment-friendly items and also reduce power consumption.
◦ Paste ‘Go Green’ slogans, messages and cartoons at all places to encourage people for the same.
◦ Use signatures in mails that has messages to be environment-friendly.
1. Use environment-friendly furniture.
◦ Use papers processed and colored using eco-friendly methods.
◦ Use biodegradable cups and soaps in the office.
◦ There are environment-friendly desks and tables that are manufactured without much use of natural resources.
1. Keep in check carbon footprinting.
Carbon footprint is the amount of Green House gases emitted due to the services and products that are developed to aid human activities. It is necessary that carbon footprint of an office is noted and kept within a limit. These gases reduce the ozone layer which results in global warming. Global warming is a major concern now and it is our duty to keep these emissions under control for a better future.

Studies show that building materials and furnishings, after a while, can emit harmful particles that affects the health of human beings. These dangerous vapors and airborne particles can cause allergies and other health issues to the human beings. Companies concerned about the health of their employees take steps to change this condition. Such companies use products that are certified and are in compliance with the amount of emission levels set by the Government. Environment-friendly furniture and products come with a green logo. Make sure you check out this logo before you buy something for the interiors of your office.

carpets play in beautifying the interiors of our home

More to carpets than just the beauty.

We all are aware of the role carpets play in beautifying the interiors of our home but the fact is that most of us are unaware that carpets are more than just a product that enhance the appearance of the room. Here are five points that you may or may not know about carpets.

1. Cozy and attractive
Let us go for the most obvious fact about carpets first. Carpets come in various styles and materials that you can choose from a wide variety that suits your tastes and needs, as well the interior of your home. Also, wouldn’t it be nice if you stepped on a warm carpet on a cold winter morning that on the cold hard tile? It adds warmth to the room. Sometimes a carpet alone can convert a cold and dark room into a warm comfy room.
2. Touch and feel
Carpets made of soft materials give you a good sense of touch and feel. Anyone would prefer carpets over hard and rough tiled floor.
3. Easiest flooring option
Carpets are easier to clean and maintain. Compared to hardwood and granite floors, it is easier to clean. The cleaning process has become easier with new spray cleaners. With proper and routine cleaning, you can maintain the beauty of the carpets making it look clean and recently installed, over the years. This saves money.
4. Safety
When you fall, if you fall on a carpet rather than a hard floor, you are less prone to have injuries. At homes with kids, it is better to have carpets as the kids slip and fall often.
5. Sound proofing
Carpets reduce the sound of impact when something falls down. This is one thing but it is not known to many that carpet possess acoustic properties that allows it to absorb sound waves. Sound waves fall on carpet and doesn’t bounce off causing reflections and reverberations. The absorption property of carpet allows it to control noise in the room to a level. But the role carpets play in sound proofing a room is almost insignificant if not used in the most effective way.

Use tiled carpeting, if wall-to-wall carpeting doesn’t match the interiors of the room. Carpet rounds, round or oval shaped, can be laid on the floor or stepping stones or the sorts and contrasting colors or textures can be used. On an open loft, it may be necessary to differentiate living areas and this can be done using carpeting. Carpets of distinctive colors or textures can be used in the hallways and main walkways.
Carpets come with variety of options. Mold-free carpets are a type of carpets that are resistant to mold which was a common carpeting problem in the past. There are materials that can trap various pollutants. Thus carpets can not only make your home look attractive, it can also help keep it clean. Environment friendly carpets made of recycled materials are also available. A two in one way for beautifying your home and doing something for Earth.
Above facts have made carpeting an option the interior designers cannot ignore.

Barrel vault roofs to improve lighting and appearance of your interiors

Barrel vault roofs to improve lighting and appearance of your interiors.

Barrel vault is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of materials along a single curve that are used in interior designing. Barrel vault roofs were known to be used in the Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamian civilizations. The necessity of this construction came at places where there was scarcity of wood since these structures could be built using stones or bricks. Barrel vault roofing was not widely used in the Ancient Egypt due to the requirement of complex formwork and measurements. It was widely used by Ancient Romans while building their cathedrals, monasteries and so on. Arches shaped like horseshoes were also part of Indian architecture and are found in Ajantha-Ellora caves and old places of worship in India. Barrel vault roofs were also used in old cities like New York but with the incoming of RC pipes, barrel vault roofs has become less desirable. This is because maintenance is tough and also RC pipes can be installed and replaced easily. Also in a barrel vault, pressure is outwards and to withstand this pressure, either the thickness of the wall must be increased, which is not desirable, or two barrel vaults must be constructed parallel to one another so that the pressures cancel out.
In olden times, barrel vaults were constructed using stones or bricks but now, with the advancement of technology, barrel vaults can be constructed using almost any material. Its a common misunderstanding that barrel vault roof construction is very costly and has low life. Though construction of barrel vault roofs are costlier than that of normal roofs, it doesn’t add much to the cost and once constructed, they last over 50 years without any significant maintenance. Since it uses metal roofing, it is a green-technique and can be reused. Thus barrel vaults are more affordable than what most of us think.
Barrel vault roofs, apart from giving an attractive appearance to the building has other advantages as well. One of the prominent advantages of a barrel vaulted ceiling is its ability to light up the building properly. Barrel vault roofs can help bring natural light indoors and evenly distribute it in the interiors and thus light the room appropriately.
Below are a few advantages of barrel vault roofs when used for lighting purposes.
1. Provides more light than a vertical roof with same surface.
2. Ensures that the light is evenly spread.
3. Natural light is allowed inside to light up the room for enhanced appearance and mood, which in turn increases productivity.
Barrel vault rooflights are modular rooflighting systems that can provide long continuous runs of lighting systems. Here are some characteristics of barrel vault rooflighting.

1. Simple installation.
2. Ideal for walkway and canopy applications.
3. Wide span of light can be provided.
4. Continuous runs of unlimited lighting systems.
5. Suitable for commercials and industrial applications.
6. Cost effective systems available.
7. Light is evenly distributed.
8. Designed for use on low pitch, flat and the crown of curved roofs.

Barrel vault roofs, on top of being affordable, can add to the appearance of the room. Unlike old times, barrel vault roof constructions are not complex and tedious and thus is more consumer and construction friendly when it comes to architectural and interior designing.

An Echoic soundproofing office or hall

Anechoic chamber

It is a known fact that certain scientific experiments and manufacturing procedures need to be carried out in a closed space with no external factors interrupting the process. Such chambers are often vaccuum, or immune external electromagnetic radiations or sound waves.
While manufacturing electronic devices it is necessary for the device to be shielded from external electromagnetic waves and also to make sure that the device’s electromagnetic waves don’t affect other electronic devices. Electronic manufacturers should make sure that an electronic device performs to the required level by conducting certain tests to determine its ground capabilities and shielding capacities. This test is called ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) test and should be done in specially designed chambers called anechoic chambers.
Anechoic chamber is simply a room that is designed in a way such that any sound wave or electromagnetic wave in the room is absorbed and is immune to external sources of sound. At first these chambers were made to minimize reflection and reverberations in a room but now it has also been designed to reduce external noise and reflections in radio frequencies and are used to test radars, antennas and so on. These chambers vary in size. From that of a small microwave ovens to a large airport hangers, the size of anechoic chambers vary.
Anechoic chambers are usually used to conduct experiments in ‘free field’ condition. Free field condition means that there are no reflected signals.That is, any sound wave from the source will not be reflected back. This is achieved by carefully designing the wall of the chamber in a way such that reflections die down almost immediately. Walls composed of wedges are used in anechoic chambers. When the incident light hits on the wall, a series of reflected waves are formed which bounce up and down in the gap between the wedges. This creates a standing wave pattern and as a result the reflected waves are dissipated.
The interior of an anechoic chamber is usually quiet with the noise level in the range of 10-20 dBA. The best anechoic chamber had a noise level of -9.4 dBA until Microsoft constructed an anechoic chamber in 2015 with a noise level of -20.6 dBA. Human ear can only detect sounds above 0 dBA. Thus when a person enters these chambers, he would feel that the chamber is devoid of sounds.
While constructing an anechoic chamber, proper ventilation should be provided if a person is going to spend a good amount of time inside the room. Construct an air inlet and outlet and keep them apart from one another as far as possible. For allowing natural light to enter the chamber, window glass can be covered with sheets of slightly sealed acoustic glass and double window glazing so as not to disturb the acoustic properties of the room.
Test and supporting equipment configurations should expose as little metal surfaces as possible since metallic surfaces cause unwanted reflections. The test equipment, if possible, should be places outside the chamber. If experiments are conducted in high RF frequencies, people are not allowed inside the chamber owing to health reasons. People are sometimes not allowed to enter the room so that unwanted reflections are not caused.

Acoustic Foam to soundproof a room or studio

Customized Acoustic Foam

At whatever point you want to soundproof a room or make your own customized music studio, one of the main things that ought to enter your thoughts is customized acoustic foam. Cheap and simple to install, it can surely decrease noise inside any room. However, did you realize that not all acoustic foams are same? Without a doubt! There are no less than four diverse sorts of foams utilized for soundproofing, each of them with noise-reducing capabilities and varying shapes. Given below are the different types of acoustic foam.

Smooth Customized Acoustic Foam

With regards to sound, smooth surfaces make an awful medium. That is on the grounds that it has a tendency to reflect sound waves as opposed to absorbing it. You certainly don’t need noise to bounce around your music studio. Clearly, this is the slightest valuable acoustic foam with regards to sound control.

All the better you can do with it while soundproofing a room is to place it around the ceilings and roofs as a base layer, then include it with its more shapely counterparts. Then again, it is easy to install smooth customized acoustic foams and even easier to store and roll up when not in need.

Egg Crate Acoustic Foam Customized

Also known as pyramid acoustic foam, it’s the ideal soundproofing cushioning you can have for calm rooms and music studios. The base sheet has a projecting four-sided pyramid, which are mostly responsible for absorbing sound. It reflects sound waves less, guiding it in various directions.

Observe, however, that the sound reflection rate may increase on the basis of the direction of vertical or horizontal groove. The egg acoustic foam is so powerful in lessening noise that it’s even utilized for some firearm shooting ranges.

Wedge Acoustic Foam Customized

Due to its cool, spiky look, wedge acoustic foam is something that you might need to add to your room just for ornamental purposes. Trust it or not, these wedges are quite good at absorbing undesirable sound, in spite of the fact that its effectiveness is restricted to the direction it’s facing. To amplify its potential, the acoustic foam has to be installed perpendicularly to the anticipated transmission of the sound waves. Otherwise, the wedges must point horizontally if the sound waves are vertical and vertically if the sound waves are horizontal.

Combination Customized Acoustic Foam

Smooth, egg-crate, and wedge acoustic foams have underlying advantages and disadvantages when customized. The best way for maximizing their strengths and minimizing their weaknesses is to use a little bit of each. That’s where we can use combination acoustic foam. This type of noise-reducing foam has asymmetric and irregular shapes, without definite directions. Its efficiency and effectiveness is such that noise in large rooms like professional music and recording studios and theaters can be reduced by it. Since it combines the three other acoustic foam types and has varied changes in its overall shape,customized acoustic foam is very capable of and absorbing reflecting sound waves.

Interior game offers a range of acoustical products to control and completely stop the sound and noise. Noise pollution considered the second major pollutant in the world. Interior game are the dealers for Acoustic products and material. We import acoustic products from USA. Well established acoustical products and materials are available at lower costs for your convenience.  Contact us for your requirement at www.interiorgame.info or send an email to info@interiorgame.info .

We give below the list of acoustical products we deal with,

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Wood cutting tools for interior designing and decoration

Electric saw Jig saws are invaluable for general cutti of timber and sheet materials. The best saw will have a reciprocal blade and blowing action to clear the cutting line. 1 Power drill 2 Masomy bit 3 Twist bits 4 Radiator cleaning bit 5 Cordless drilllscreiodn 6 Screwdriver bits and extension 7 Countersink attachme 8 Polishing pad 9 Sanding sheets 10 Rotary sanding/polis! attachment Scroll action is another refinement, enabling you to make tight curved cuts by turning the blade and not the whole tool. Circular saws are useful for cutting sheet materials and timber in a straight line. These are not as versatile as jig saws – and they are considerably less safe to use. Different blades are available for cutting a variety of materials. Electric sander Rotary sanders are attachments for power drills. Glasspaper is fitted to a simple sanding disc or, for a better finish, a foam drum sander. A foam drum sander gives a good finish on both flat and shaped surfaces. An orbital sander is a dedicated power tool, which drives a rectangular pad fto which the sandpaper is fixed) in small, rapid orbits. Use gentle pressure falways with both hands on the tool) to produce a smooth finish in quick time.

Coarse, medium, and fine grades of glasspaper are

1 Orbital sander

2 Random orbital sander

3 Jig saw

4 Hot air stripper with scraper attachment

5 Paint scraper

available in size for orbital sanders. When you have completed sanding a floor with an industrial appliance, an orbital sander will give a smooth finish and is particularly useful for edges and corners of floors. Most sanders will work on wood, plastics, metals, or fillers, so long as the abrasive is suited to the top. A random orbital sander uses circular, grip-on pads and works in eccentric movements. Hot air stripper This is a convenient alternative to a blowlamp for softening and stripping the old paint, particularly oil-based paint from the woodwork. You can use a blowlamp which works off bottled gas, or a hot-air gun which is powered by electricity.

Smooth Painting Surface before fixing wall papers in interior designing and decoration

When hanging delicate wallpapers, you may find that a clean foam paint roller does a better job than a brush when it comes to smoothing the newly hung paper down. Apply only the  lightest pressure to avoid marking the paper. • When hanging paper from a platform, adjust its height so that you can stand comfortably without having to bend your neck or stretch your arms too far above your head. Anticlockwise from left 1 Smoothing brush 2 Steel tape measure 3 Scraper 4 Decorating scissors 5 Seam roller 6 Sponge Depending on the job, you may need a certain number of special tools for applying wallcoverings. The following is a checklist oftl basic essentials: Pasting table A sturdy, purpose-made pasting table is a wise investment. Easy to move, to store, and to put up, it provides a stable surface of ideal dimensions and makes pasting very much simpler.

Alternatively you can use a flush door laid over trestles. Bucket Use a clean plastic one for paste, with string tied across t top between the handle joints. You can then rest the pasting brus across the string when it is not in use. Scissors You will need a pair of long decorating scissors, and a small pair for trimming. Craft knife For use with a metal straight-edge or cutting guide t trim vinyls and heavy papers. Scissors are best with thin, wet pat Pasting brush Choose a brush at least 1 Ocm f4in) wide, and kes it only for pasting. Smoothing brush Also known as a paperhanger’s brush, this ha stiff but soft bristles and is used to brush trapped air out to the edge of paper and press the wallcovering into place. Always keep clean and dry. Sponge Essential for wiping away any surplus paste while it is still wet. Seam roller Use this small wood or plastic roller to press down seams once the wallcovering is up. Don’t use it on embossed papers or you/risk making “trarnlines”.

Plumb line and weight This is used to produce true verticals. It is an essential piece of equipment for forming the starting point for every wallpapering job. A builder’s line will hang better than ordinary string. Pencil Use an HB or softer lead for marking the paper clearly. Oversharp or harder leads can tear the more delicate papers. Steel tape These measures are typically 3.5m f12ft) long, which should be adequate for measuring the height of normal walls. Rule It is important to have a rule long enough to span the roll’s width – normally’ about 53cm f21 in). A retractable rule may tear the paper, so it is best not used. Set square A large plastic square for any improvised square) is useful for checking that your cuts are at a constant 900 angle. Sanding pad Keep one to hand for sanding away any scraps of old wallpaper or lining paper you may find on a stripped wall just as you are about to hang the new paper. Likewise, a sharp scraper is a useful standby.

Painting tools and brushes care in interior designing and decoration

Brushes that are well cared for improve with use. Loose bristles are shed and the tips become nicely rounded. Start a brush on primer and undercoat, then use it for fine finishing as it ages. Useful brush sizes include an angled 1 .8cm fY.in) cutting-in brush and 1.2cm, 2.Scm, Scm, and 1 Ocm or 12.Scm f~in, 1 in, 2in, and 4in or Sin) brushes. Radiator brush A brush with an elong- ated metal handle that can be bent to allow you to paint behind radiators. Rollers Used with a paint tray, the roller offers an easy way of applying paint to large, flat areas without leaving defined brush strokes. It is best for applying water-based paints, which you can easily clean off the roller. When using solid emulsion paint, lift the roller direct from the container. Roller types include: Foam With easy-clean removable sleeve, but does not give the finest finish and wil tear when used on rough surfaces.

Mohair Very close pile on a hard roller, giving fine finish to smooth surfaces. Not suitable for textured surfaces. Shaggy pile Deep, floppy pile makes it suitable for textured surfaces. Can also be used to apply textured paint. Radiator roller A thin, deep-pile roller or a long wire handle to reach behind radi- ators and other awkward spots. Texturing roller Specialized roller used 1 produce a rag-rolled effect. Paint pads These pads of fine mohair pile stuck to a layer of foam bonded to a metal or plastic handle are light and easy to use. Sizes range from 2.Scm to lScm f1 in to 6in), some with a hollow handle to take the end of a broom for painting tops of walls or ceilings without steps.

Suitable for smoot! or textured surfaces, but not rough finishe Clean pads immediately after use, with water where water-based paints have beer used. A pad does give a very fine finish when gloss-painting flush doors. Note that proprietary cleaners can attack the adhes- ive holding the mohair to the foam. Left to right 11.Bcm f’!.in) cutting-in bristle brush 2 1.2cm f’h.in) bristle brtlsh 3 2.5cm f1 ill) synthetic no-loss brush 4 2.5cm f1 in) bristle brush 5 5cm f2in) synthetic no-loss brush 6 Emulsion brush 7 Paint pads 8 Paint pad with edging rollers at side 9 Foam roller 10 Textured roller for textured paint 11 Radiator roller 12 Paint tray 13 Roller with shaggy pile attachments 14 Mohair roller 15 Deep-pile roller Wallpapering tools o expensive or specialized tools are required for hanging wall and ceiling coverings. A pasting table makes it easier to apply paste to long lengths of wallpaper or other material, and make sure that the scissors or knife you use to cut the wallpaper to length is sharp.